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Article title
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Abstract
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Keywords
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1. Introduction
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2. Concerted practice as a challenge for legal standards in competition enforcement
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3. Choice of legal standard by reputation-maximizing competition authority in the Russian context
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3.1. Choice of legal standard as optimization decision
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3.2. The review of competition infringement decisions in Russia: The role of courts, parties and evidence
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4. Concerted practice in the Russian competition law: Changes of definition and penalty regimes under the influence of court litigation
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4.1. Legal rules and legal standards in 2006–2011
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4.1.1. Decisions on retail markets of motor fuel
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4.1.2. Concerted practice in regional buckwheat markets
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4.2. Legal rules and legal standards since 2012
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4.2.1. Concerted practice of MTS and Vympelkom in the market of IPhones✩
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4.2.2. Concerted practice on the market of liner shipping services
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5. Judicial review of decisions on concerted practice: Cost and benefits of economic analysis
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6. Conclusion
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Acknowledgments
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References