Value of losses in ecosystem services due to crop encroachment between 2001–2009 (billion U.S. dollars). Source: Authors’ calculations based on Friedl et al. (2010) and TEEBAgriFood initiative 2020 database. http://teebweb.org/our-work/agrifood/

 
 
  Part of: Mirzabaev A, von Braun J (2022) True cost of food and land degradation. Russian Journal of Economics 8(1): 7-15. https://doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.78376