Unit labor costs (ULC) in currency terms for Russian manufacturing from 2005 through 2015 (the left-hand scale shows the y-o-y growth rate). Sources: Rosstat; Bank of Russia; author's calculations.

 
 
  Part of: Mironov V (2015) Russian devaluation in 2014–2015: Falling into the abyss or a window of opportunity? Russian Journal of Economics 1(3): 217-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ruje.2015.12.005